Media Damage Following Detergent Sclerotherapy Appears to be Secondary to the Induction of Inflammation and Apoptosis: An Immunohistochemical Study Elucidating Previous Histological Observations

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery : the Official Journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery
M S WhiteleyJ M Li

Abstract

Traditionally, sclerotherapy has been thought to work by the cytotoxic effect of the sclerosant upon the endothelium alone. However, studies have shown that sclerotherapy is more successful in smaller veins than in larger veins. This could be explained by the penetration of the sclerosant, or its effect, into the media. This study aimed to investigate intimal and medial damage profiles after sclerosant treatment. Fresh human varicose veins were treated ex vivo with either 1% or 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) for 1 or 10 minutes. The effect of the sclerosant on the vein wall was investigated by immunofluorescent labelling of transverse vein sections using markers for endothelium (CD31), smooth muscle (α-actin), apoptosis (p53) and inflammation (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1]). Polidocanol (POL; 3%) treatment at 10 minutes was similarly investigated. Endothelial cell death was concentration- and time-dependent for STS but incomplete for both sclerosants. Time, but not concentration, significantly affected cell death (p > .001). A 40% and 30% maximum reduction was observed for STS and POL, respectively. Destruction of 20-30% of smooth muscle cells was found up to 250 μm from the lumen after 3% STS treatment for 10...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 27, 2016·Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death·Osvaldo Cooley-AndradeKurosh Parsi
Sep 1, 2017·Phlebology·Emma B DabbsMark S Whiteley
Oct 16, 2016·Journal of Endovascular Therapy : an Official Journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists·Marianne E WitteMichel M P J Reijnen
Jul 10, 2019·Scientific Reports·Elisabetta BottaroDario Carugo
Oct 18, 2019·Expert Review of Medical Devices·C Davide CritelloAntonino S Fiorillo
Jun 30, 2018·Journal of Vascular Surgery·Taoping BaiYubo Fan

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis

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