Medical management of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
John H Kempen

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic has pervasive effects on culture, economics, policy, and human development. All organs can be affected by complications of HIV/AIDS, including the eye. When sufficient resources are available and widespread antiretroviral resistance does not exist, the four available classes of antiretroviral agents - nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors - can be combined to provide highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). For many (not all) patients, HAART converts an inexorably fatal disease into a chronic disease with a fairly good prognosis. Use of HAART often induces partial immune recovery, which has predominantly beneficial effects on ocular complications of AIDS. However, HAART-induced immune recovery sometimes results in immune recovery inflammatory syndromes, such as immune recovery uveitis. Use of HAART is the single most useful intervention for most patients with ocular complications of AIDS. However, specific ocular therapy is also critical to avoid blindness in the early months before immune recovery can occur, or if HAART is ...Continue Reading

References

Mar 27, 1986·The New England Journal of Medicine·UNKNOWN Collaborative DHPG Treatment Study Group
Dec 23, 1993·The New England Journal of Medicine·D R HooverR A Kaslow
Feb 1, 1994·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·M Diaz-LlopisF J Romero
Mar 14, 1996·The New England Journal of Medicine·M M KitahataE H Wagner
Jan 1, 1996·Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift für Augenheilkunde·C BaudouinP Gastaud
Jan 8, 1997·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·S G DeeksJ O Kahn
May 1, 1998·The New England Journal of Medicine·C Flexner
Jul 13, 2000·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·P T NieuwkerkM A Sprangers
Jan 5, 2002·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Douglas A JabsLarry D Hubbard
Apr 12, 2002·The New England Journal of Medicine·Daniel F MartinUNKNOWN Valganciclovir Study Group
Apr 16, 2003·Archives of Ophthalmology·John H KempenJames A Tonascia
Oct 30, 2003·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·John H KempenJames Tonascia
May 6, 2004·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Jean-Jacques ParientiRenaud Verdon
Apr 4, 2006·Ophthalmology·John H KempenUNKNOWN Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group
Oct 21, 2006·AIDS·Graeme J MoyleUNKNOWN RAVE (Randomized Abacavir versus Viread Evaluation) Group UK
Mar 23, 2007·The New England Journal of Medicine·Robert Steinbrook

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 5, 2012·International Ophthalmology·Khawla Abu Samra, Faris Azzouni
Jul 1, 2010·Health Policy and Planning·Kabir Sheikh, John D H Porter
Aug 20, 2008·Indian Journal of Ophthalmology·Rajeev Soman
Jul 11, 2012·Ocular Immunology and Inflammation·Sunil GanekalAshwini Nagarajappa
Sep 24, 2020·Ocular Immunology and Inflammation·Juliana WonsJustus G Garweg

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
Karem L OrtegaMarina H C G Magalhães
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica
Xiao-fan Lu, Zhi-wei Chen
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved