[Meibomian glands : part III. Dysfunction - argument for a discrete disease entity and as an important cause of dry eye].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
E KnopF Schirra

Abstract

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), mainly synonymous with posterior blepharitis but typically without prominent inflammatory alterations of the lid margin, is a discrete disease entity and a frequent cause of wetting deficiencies of the ocular surface leading to dry eye disease that deserves increased recognition by clinicians. The history, classification, pathology, influencing factors, diagnostics and therapy are explained and discussed. MGD is mainly based on an obstructive mechanism caused by hyperkeratinization of the excretory duct and/or increased viscosity of the secretion (meibum) with subsequent deficiency of the tear film lipid layer. MGD is influenced by the hormonal status and by chemical and mechanical noxes as well as genetic defects and it occurs more frequently in women and generally increases with age. It results in stasis of meibum inside the glands, dilatation of the ductal system and eventually in atrophy and loss of glandular tissue (gland dropout). Careful investigation of the eyelids and lid margins with eversion, if necessary, should therefore be performed in every case of a wetting defect, notably before fitting contact lenses. Particularly important is the inspection of the meibomian orifices and diag...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 12, 2012·Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·F SchirraB Seitz
Jan 1, 2011·ISRN Ophthalmology·Ozlem G SahinNusret Taheri
Jan 17, 2012·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Heiko PultJason J Nichols
Apr 11, 2012·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Heiko Pult, Jason J Nichols
Apr 25, 2012·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Sruthi SrinivasanLyndon Jones
Jun 26, 2012·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Heiko PultChristine Purslow
Oct 17, 2012·Ophthalmology·Gary N FoulksJ Daniel Nelson
May 10, 2012·Experimental Gerontology·Juan Ding, David A Sullivan
Sep 3, 2011·Contact Lens & Anterior Eye : the Journal of the British Contact Lens Association·H Pult, B H Riede-Pult
May 5, 2017·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Britta H Riede-PultHeiko Pult
Jul 29, 2016·Eye & Contact Lens·Aysun Sanal DoganCanan Gurdal
Oct 5, 2016·Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology·Minako KaidoKazuo Tsubota
Jul 6, 2019·Journal of Ophthalmology·Engy Mohamed MostafaAmr Mounir
Aug 9, 2019·Translational Vision Science & Technology·Clara Llorens-QuintanaD Robert Iskander

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