Melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in pineal, retina, liver, and gut of the goldfish (Carassius): mRNA expression pattern and regulation of daily rhythms by lighting conditions

Chronobiology International
Elena VelardeM J Delgado

Abstract

It has been suggested that melatonin is synthesized in nonphotosensitive organs of vertebrates in addition to the well-known sites of the pineal gland and retina. However, very few studies have demonstrated the gene expression of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes in extrapineal and extraretinal locations. This study focuses on the circadian expression of the two key enzymes of the melatoninergic pathway, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), in central and peripheral locations of a teleost fish, the goldfish (Carassius auratus). First, the full-length cDNA sequences corresponding to the goldfish AANAT-2 (gAanat-2) and HIOMT-2 (gHiomt-2) were cloned, showing high similarity with other teleost sequences. Two forms of AANAT exist in teleosts. Here, for the first time, two isoforms of HIOMT are deduced from phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, both HIOMT and AANAT were detected in several peripheral locations, including liver and gut, the present results being the first to find HIOMT in nonphotosensitive structures of a fish species. Second, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies were performed to investigate regulation of gAanat-2 in pineal and peripheral locatio...Continue Reading

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