Membrane Topology and Heme Binding of the Histidine Kinases HrrS and ChrS in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Frontiers in Microbiology
Marc KeppelJulia Frunzke

Abstract

The HrrSA and the ChrSA two-component systems play a central role in the coordination of heme homeostasis in the Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum and the prominent pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae, both members of the Corynebacteriaceae. In this study, we have performed a comparative analysis of the membrane topology and heme-binding characteristics of the histidine kinases HrrS and ChrS of C. glutamicum. While the cytoplasmic catalytic domains are highly conserved between HrrS and ChrS, the N-terminal sensing parts share only minor sequence similarity. PhoA and LacZ fusions of the N-terminal sensor domains of HrrS and ChrS revealed that both proteins are embedded into the cytoplasmic membrane via six α-helices. Although the overall membrane topology appeared to be conserved, target gene profiling indicated a higher sensitivity of the ChrS system to low heme levels (< 1 μM). In vitro, solubilized and purified full-length proteins bound heme in a 1:1 stoichiometry per monomer. Alanine-scanning of conserved amino acid residues in the N-terminal sensor domain revealed three aromatic residues (Y112, F115, and F118), which apparently contribute to heme binding of HrrS. Exchange of either one or all three r...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
protein
Protein Assay
electrophoresis
amino acid exchange

Software Mentioned

ClustalW
Hmmtop
CBS TMHMM
TOPCONS
TopPredII
TMPred
Mpex
Phobius
Minnou polyview
DAS

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