Mercury in Children: Current State on Exposure through Human Biomonitoring Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Flavia RuggieriAlessandro Alimonti

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) in children has multiple exposure sources and the toxicity of Hg compounds depends on exposure routes, dose, timing of exposure, and developmental stage (be it prenatal or postnatal). Over the last decades, Hg was widely recognized as a threat to the children's health and there have been acknowledgements at the international level of the need of a global policy intervention-like the Minamata treaty-aimed at reducing or preventing Hg exposure and protecting the child health. National human biomonitoring (HBM) data has demonstrated that low levels of exposure of Hg are still an important health concern for children, which no one country can solve alone. Although independent HBM surveys have provided the basis for the achievements of exposure mitigation in specific contexts, a new paradigm for a coordinated global monitoring of children's exposure, aimed at a reliable decision-making tool at global level is yet a great challenge for the next future. The objective of the present review is to describe current HBM studies on Hg exposure in children, taking into account the potential pathways of Hg exposure and the actual Hg exposure levels assessed by different biomarkers.

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Citations

Sep 2, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Runsen ChenXuming Mo
Jun 1, 2018·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Walessa Alana Bragança AragãoRafael Rodrigues Lima
Dec 7, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Gema Gallego-ViñasSabrina Llop
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May 30, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ling-Sai ChangHo-Chang Kuo
Jul 3, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Manouchehr HessabiFlorina Rad
Jul 15, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Nataly Damasceno de FigueiredoCarmen Ildes Rodrigues Froes Asmus
Oct 21, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Narjes Okati, Abbas Esmaili-Sari
Nov 26, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Maria Luisa AstolfiSilvia Canepari
Dec 17, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Maria Luisa AstolfiCarmela Protano
May 12, 2021·Scientific Reports·Stefano RenzettiRoberto G Lucchini
Oct 9, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Ingra Tais MalacarneDaniel Araki Ribeiro

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