Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: pathogenesis, current and emerging treatment options

OncoTargets and Therapy
Alok T Saini, Brett A Miles

Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a relatively uncommon, neuroendocrine, cutaneous malignancy that often exhibits clinically aggressive features and is associated with a poor prognosis. It typically presents as a painless, rapidly enlarging, dome-shaped red or purplish nodule in a sun-exposed area of the head and neck or upper extremities. Our understanding of MCC has increased dramatically over the last several years and the pathogenesis continues to be an area of active research. The etiology is likely multifactorial with immunosuppression, UV-induced skin damage, and viral factors contributing to the development of MCC. The recent discovery of Merkel cell polyomavirus has allowed for at least one aspect of disease development to be much better understood. In most cases, treatment consists of wide local excision with adjuvant radiation therapy. The role of chemotherapeutics is still being defined. The recent advancement of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of MCC has led to an explosion research into novel therapeutic agents and strategies. This review seeks to summarize the current body of literature regarding the pathogenesis of MCC and potential targets for future therapies.

Citations

May 11, 2016·International Journal of Surgery Case Reports·Joel C AcabChukwuma Ebo
May 25, 2020·Dermatologic Therapy·Uwe WollinaJosé Carlos Cardoso
Jul 21, 2017·Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·Orlando CatalanoXimena Wortsman

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
nuclear translocation
surgical resection
biopsy
dissection

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