Mesenteric involvement in giant cell arteritis. An underrecognized complication? Analysis of a case series with clinicoanatomic correlation

Medicine
Christopher J ScolaKatherine S Upchurch

Abstract

We reviewed the clinical manifestations of mesenteric vasculitis due to giant cell arteritis (GCA) and considered features of the mesenteric anatomy in relationship to disease expression. We compiled and reviewed a case series by systematic identification of patients previously reported in the English-language literature to have mesenteric involvement from known GCA. Included in the analysis was a detailed case review of a patient with GCA and small bowel infarction seen at our institution. Twelve patients were identified with mesenteric ischemia attributed to GCA. Concomitant cranial and abdominal symptoms were present in 7 of the 12 patients, and cranial symptoms were absent in 5 patients who presented with abdominal complaints. The abdominal symptoms fell within a spectrum ranging from chronic postprandial symptoms to acute abdominal pain. Survival was observed in only 6 of the 12 cases, 3 of whom required bowel resection and were treated with high-dose corticosteroids. Review of the anatomic features of the specialized splanchnic circulation reveals an extensive collateral network that may protect against early disease expression from ischemia, despite mesenteric arteritic involvement. Mesenteric vasculitis resulting in sma...Continue Reading

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