PMID: 9172925Apr 1, 1997Paper

Mesial temporal sclerosis (I): histological data, physiopathological hypothesis and etiological factors

Revista de neurologia
P Serrano-CastroT García-Gómez

Abstract

To review the main anatomical, histological, physiopathological and aetiological data characteristic of the mesial temporal sclerosis syndrome (ETM). Development. The typical histological findings in ETM are: 1) A specific pattern of loss of neurone density which includes so-called endfolium sclerosis (considered to be a specific pathological entity always found in ETM), and which is usually accompanied by neurone loss in other hippocampal and extra-hippocampal regions. The CA2 region is never affected. 2) Phenomenon of 'mossy fibers sprouting' which are granulosa cells which form two types of synapses: with the the 'basket cells' which are inhibitory interneurones and with the dendrites of granulosa or pyramidal cells of the CA1, CA2 and CA3 Ammon horn cells which are excitatory cells. Probably these organic changes are both the cause and effect of repeated convulsions. Participation in this self-perpetuating circuit may be due to recognised risk factors of ETM (head injury, CNS infections, febrile convulsions in early stages of development) which cause, first of all, death of neurones of the dentate gyrus cells followed by reduced inhibitory activity of the 'basket' cells and therefore sustained hyper-excitability of the pyra...Continue Reading

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