Metabolic and endocrine factors in mild cognitive impairment

Ageing Research Reviews
Thorleif EtgenHans Förstl

Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition with cognitive changes between normal aging and dementia. Some forms of MCI are regarded as potential preclinical forms of dementia. The control of treatable somatic risk factors is of great relevance in patients with MCI, particularly as there is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of interventions targeting neurodegenerative processes, as used in manifest dementia. The etiology of MCI is varied including cerebrovascular risk factors and is also associated with metabolic and endocrine factors. Chronic kidney disease is a newly identified and independent risk factor for MCI. Testosterone substitution is useful if a low testosterone level is present but general screening for testosterone deficiency is not yet recommended. A relationship between MCI and vitamin D or subclinical thyroid dysfunction may exist, but the value of substitution is doubtful and requires large randomized placebo-controlled trials. Although an association between vitamin B12 deficiency or hyperhomocysteinemia and MCI is present, substitution of vitamin B12 or folate does not appear to prevent cognitive decline. Estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy may be considered only in younger postmen...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 5, 2012·American Journal of Nephrology·Thorleif EtgenDirk Sander
Jul 5, 2012·Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders·Thorleif EtgenHans Förstl
Jan 13, 2012·The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging·M MaggioG P Ceda
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Jun 27, 2013·The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry·Yoichiro TakayanagiWilliam W Eaton
Mar 18, 2015·Alzheimer's Research & Therapy·Thorleif Etgen
Feb 27, 2015·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·Marija DjukicRoland Nau
Jun 1, 2016·Geriatrics & Gerontology International·Zhiyuan ShenZhongquan Sun
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Feb 21, 2018·Brain Structure & Function·Isadora C FurigoJose Donato
Sep 27, 2019·Dementia & Neuropsychologia·Raiana Lídice Mór FukushimaJosé Luiz Riani Costa
Dec 14, 2011·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Thorleif EtgenHans Förstl
Dec 24, 2010·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Bente Klarlund Pedersen

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