Metabolic compartmentation in cortical synaptosomes: influence of glucose and preferential incorporation of endogenous glutamate into GABA

Neurochemical Research
U Sonnewald, Mary C McKenna

Abstract

Metabolism of glutamine was determined under a variety of conditions to study compartmentation in cortical synaptosomes. The combined intracellular and extracellular amounts of [U-13C] GABA, [U-13C]glutamate and [U-13C]glutamine were the same in synaptosomes incubated with U-13C]glutamine in the presence and absence of glucose. However, the concentration of these amino acids was decreased in the latter group, demonstrating the requirement for glucose to maintain the size of neurotransmitter pools. In hypoglycemic synaptosomes more [U-13C]glutamine was converted to [U-13C]aspartate, and less glutamate was re-synthesized from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, suggesting use of the partial TCA cycle from alpha-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate for energy. Compartmentation was studied in synaptosomes incubated with glucose plus labeled and unlabeled glutamine and glutamate. Incubation with [U-13C]glutamine plus unlabeled glutamate gave rise to [U-13C]GABA but not labeled aspartate; however, incubation with [U-13C]glutamate plus unlabeled glutamine gave rise to [U-13C]aspartate, but not labeled GABA. Thus the endogenous glutamate formed via glutaminase in synaptic terminals is preferentially used for GABA synthesis, and is metabolized...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 2, 2003·Annals of Neurology·Maneesh GuptaK Michael Gibson
Apr 6, 2007·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Liang PengLeif Hertz
May 19, 2010·Journal of Neurochemistry·Susanna ScafidiMary C McKenna
Jun 18, 2017·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Michaela C HohnholtHelle S Waagepetersen
Aug 2, 2003·Annals of Neurology·Phillip L PearlK Michael Gibson
Sep 12, 2007·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Mary C McKenna
Aug 13, 2014·Neurochemical Research·Alexei VerkhratskyLeif Hertz
Jul 30, 2015·Glia·Jakob D NissenHelle S Waagepetersen
Apr 9, 2016·Cell Death and Differentiation·M AgostiniG Melino
Nov 11, 2017·Journal of Huntington's Disease·Janet M Dubinsky
Oct 13, 2006·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Elisabeth OlstadUrsula Sonnewald
Apr 7, 2007·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Erica M RichardsMary C McKenna
Aug 25, 2020·British Journal of Pharmacology·Annette E AllenWilliam S Redfern
Feb 28, 2006·Neurochemistry International·Leif Hertz

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