PMID: 26343025Sep 8, 2015Paper

Metabolic profiling distinguishes three subtypes of Alzheimer's disease

Aging
Dale E Bredesen

Abstract

The cause of Alzheimer's disease is incompletely defined, and no truly effective therapy exists. However, multiple studies have implicated metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, hormonal deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Optimizing metabolic parameters in a comprehensive way has yielded cognitive improvement, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, expanding the standard laboratory evaluation in patients with dementia may be revealing. Here I report that metabolic profiling reveals three Alzheimer's disease subtypes. The first is inflammatory, in which markers such as hs-CRP and globulin:albumin ratio are increased. The second type is non-inflammatory, in which these markers are not increased, but other metabolic abnormalities are present. The third type is a very distinctive clinical entity that affects relatively young individuals, extends beyond the typical Alzheimer's disease initial distribution to affect the cortex widely, is characterized by early non-amnestic features such as dyscalculia and aphasia, is often misdiagnosed or labeled atypical Alzheimer's disease, typically affects ApoE4-negative individuals, and is associated with striking zinc deficiency. Given the involvement of ...Continue Reading

References

Jul 12, 2005·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Milan FialaGeorge Bernard
Jun 5, 2015·Oncotarget·Alexei Kurakin, Dale E Bredesen

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Citations

Jun 14, 2016·Aging·Dale E BredesenJamila Ahdidan
Oct 11, 2017·Frontiers in Neurology·Syed I KhalidChristopher Dardis
Oct 5, 2018·American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine·Paulina Shetty, Wes Youngberg
Sep 7, 2016·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Jose A Lopez-EscamezChristopher R Cederroth
Dec 19, 2017·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Alice HardingSim K Singhrao
Oct 11, 2020·Biomolecules·Karolina KrzywoszyńskaHenryk Kozłowski
Nov 15, 2020·Nature Communications·Sumit MukherjeeBenjamin A Logsdon
Dec 5, 2017·Journal of Biomedical Informatics·Matt SpencerChi-Ren Shyu
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Valentina La CognataSebastiano Cavallaro

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