PMID: 2484584Jul 1, 1989Paper

Metabolic reduction of chromium, as related to its carcinogenic properties

Biological Trace Element Research
S De FloraP Zanacchi

Abstract

At variance with Cr(III), Cr(VI) compounds easily cross cell membranes and exert genotoxic effects. No metabolic oxidation of Cr(III) could be detected, whereas Cr(VI) reduction was observed in the presence of body fluids and subcellular fractions of various tissues from several animal species. The differential efficiency of this process may account for the selection of target tissues in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. For instance, reduction by saliva and gastric juice may explain a lack of carcinogenicity by the oral route; reduction inside erythrocytes may explain a lack of carcinogenicity at a distance from administration sites; reduction by the epithelial-lining fluid of terminal airways and by alveolar macrophages may be consistent with the occurrence of thresholds in lung carcinogenesis. Liver preparations displayed the top efficiency in reducing Cr(VI), whereas skeletal muscle, i.e., a typical target in experimental Cr(VI) carcinogenesis, had no detectable activity. Bronchial tree and peripheral lung parenchyma preparations from almost 100 individuals reduced Cr(VI) to a variable extent. The efficiency of lung parenchyma and of isolated alveolar macrophages was enhanced in cigarette smokers. In rats, Cr(VI) reduction by lung pre...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 1, 1993·Biological Trace Element Research·E BahbouthR Bassleer
Mar 1, 1990·Mutation Research·S De FloraP Zanacchi
Aug 7, 2003·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·Kimberley A O'HaraAaron Barchowsky
Apr 23, 2003·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Aaron Barchowsky, Kimberley A O'Hara
Jan 6, 2006·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews·Robert A YokelDavid C Dorman
Mar 15, 2006·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Angela GambelungheGiacomo Muzi
Apr 7, 2006·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Eliza Grlickova-DuzevikJohn Pierce Wise
May 23, 2006·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Eliza Grlickova-DuzevikJohn Pierce Wise
Dec 1, 1993·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health·A H SternF N Marzulli
Apr 8, 2004·Toxicology and Industrial Health·Chris Winder, Martin Carmody
Aug 1, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Marina TumoloVito Felice Uricchio

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