Metabolic regulation of synaptic activity.

Reviews in the Neurosciences
Sergei V Fedorovich, Tatyana V Waseem

Abstract

Brain tissue is bioenergetically expensive. In humans, it composes approximately 2% of body weight and accounts for approximately 20% of calorie consumption. The brain consumes energy mostly for ion and neurotransmitter transport, a process that occurs primarily in synapses. Therefore, synapses are expensive for any living creature who has brain. In many brain diseases, synapses are damaged earlier than neurons start dying. Synapses may be considered as vulnerable sites on a neuron. Ischemic stroke, an acute disturbance of blood flow in the brain, is an example of a metabolic disease that affects synapses. The associated excessive glutamate release, called excitotoxicity, is involved in neuronal death in brain ischemia. Another example of a metabolic disease is hypoglycemia, a complication of diabetes mellitus, which leads to neuronal death and brain dysfunction. However, synapse function can be corrected with "bioenergetic medicine". In this review, a ketogenic diet is discussed as a curative option. In support of a ketogenic diet, whereby carbohydrates are replaced for fats in daily meals, epileptic seizures can be terminated. In this review, we discuss possible metabolic sensors in synapses. These may include molecules that ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 21, 2019·Metabolic Brain Disease·Bartosz KaraszewskiWioletta Żukowicz
Oct 17, 2018·Neural Regeneration Research·Sergei V FedorovichTatyana V Waseem
Sep 18, 2021·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Rowena FieldKieron Rooney
Jul 3, 2021·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Maria S ChumachenkoSergei V Fedorovich

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