Metabolic syndrome: an update on diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and genetic links

Hormones : International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Uzma ZafarKhalid P Lone

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), today a major global public health problem, is a cluster of clinical, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities, such as central adiposity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemias. These MetS-related traits significantly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, adverse cardiac events, stroke, and hepatic steatosis. The pathogenesis of MetS is multifactorial, with the interplay of environmental, nutritional, and genetic factors. Chronic low-grade inflammation together with visceral adipose tissue, adipocyte dysfunction, and insulin resistance plays a major role in the progression of the syndrome by impairing lipid and glucose homeostasis in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as the liver, muscle, and adipocytes. Adipose-derived inflammatory cytokines and non-esterified fatty acids establish the link between central obesity IR, inflammation, and atherogenesis. Various studies have reported an association between MetS and related traits with single-nucleotide polymorphisms of different susceptibility genes. Modulation of cytokine levels, pro-oxidants, and disturbed energy homeostasis, in relation to the genetic variations, is described in this review of the recent literature, which also pro...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 29, 2018·Hormones : International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism·Niki KatsikiVasilios Athyros
Aug 3, 2019·Obesity Surgery·Mohamed Abdalla SalmanMai Elshenoufy
Jan 8, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Oriol BusquetsAntoni Camins
Oct 24, 2018·Biological Trace Element Research·Samuel TreviñoEnrique González-Vergara
Sep 7, 2019·Journal of Food Biochemistry·Eduardo Fernández-MartínezNury Pérez-Hernández
Oct 14, 2020·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Saimai ChatreeSompol Tapechum
Jan 12, 2020·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Claire LugnierBernard Geny
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Apr 24, 2021·Journal of Nutritional Science·Melisa A Muñoz-RuizDiego A Gaitán-Charry
May 12, 2021·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Rosa Paola RadiceGiovanna Bermano
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Jul 2, 2021·Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases·Elvia C Mendoza-CaamalLorena Orozco
Aug 2, 2021·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·Xingjin YangLiang Sun
Aug 24, 2021·Obesity Research & Clinical Practice·Fereshteh AliasghariMasoumeh Jabbari
Nov 10, 2021·Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics : the Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association·Elisa Barrón-CabreraErika Martínez-López

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