Abstract
Whether obesity increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and fatty liver because of the co-existence of other risk factors is uncertain. We investigated odds ratios (ORs) for: a) a measure of pre-clinical atherosclerosis and b) fatty liver, in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subjects, metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) subjects and metabolically abnormal non obese subjects (MANO), using a metabolically healthy non obese (MHNO) group as the reference. 14,384 South Koreans from an occupational cohort underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) estimation of CAC score, liver ultrasound determination of fatty liver, and measurement of cardiovascular risk factors. Pre-clinical atherosclerosis was defined by a CAC score >0. We used logistic regression to determine ORs for CAC >0, and fatty liver in MHO, MAO and MANO subjects (reference group MHNO). There was no increase in OR for CAC score >0 (OR = 0.93, [95% CIs 0.67,1.31], p = 0.68), in the MHO group, whereas there was an increase in the ORs for CAC score >0 in the MAO, and MANO groups (OR = 1.64 [95% CI 1.36,1.98], p < 0.001) and (OR = 1.38 [95% CI 1.17,1.64], p < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, for fatty liver, there was an increase in OR in each group (OR = 3.63 [95% C...Continue Reading
References
Feb 16, 1991·Lancet·P M McKeigueM G Marmot
Mar 15, 1990·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·A S AgatstonR Detrano
Jan 4, 1986·British Medical Journal·S H SaverymuttuJ D Maxwell
Jul 1, 1985·Diabetologia·D R MatthewsR C Turner
Jan 15, 2004·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Philip GreenlandRobert C Detrano
Nov 27, 2004·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Jeffrey D BrowningHelen H Hobbs
Dec 24, 2004·The New England Journal of Medicine·Frank B HuJoAnn E Manson
Jan 27, 2005·Diabetes & Metabolism·A D KarelisR Rabasa-Lhoret
May 11, 2005·CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne·Annie C St-PierreBenoît Lamarche
Jun 25, 2005·Obesity Research·Gianluca IacobellisFrida Leonetti
Jan 31, 2006·Diabetes Care·Peter T KatzmarzykSteven N Blair
Jun 1, 2006·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·James B MeigsRalph B D'Agostino
Feb 14, 2007·The American Journal of Medicine·Richard N BergmanMarilyn Ader
Mar 17, 2007·Endocrinology·Kiyoshi HiramatsuKyoji Ikeda
Aug 13, 2008·Archives of Internal Medicine·Norbert StefanHans-Ulrich Häring
Nov 6, 2008·Diabetes Care·Duck-Chul LeeSteven N Blair
Feb 27, 2009·Clinical Science·Christopher D ByrneMohamed H Ahmed
Mar 28, 2009·Diabetes·Thomas SparsøPhilippe Froguel
Oct 7, 2009·Circulation·K G M M AlbertiUNKNOWN International Association for the Study of Obesity
Dec 30, 2009·Circulation·Johan ArnlövLars Lind
Oct 1, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Giovanni TargherEnzo Bonora
Nov 3, 2010·Annals of Medicine·Giovanni MussoGianfranco Pagano
Dec 29, 2010·The American Journal of Medicine·Eun-Jung RheeKi-Chul Sung
Jun 15, 2011·Atherosclerosis·Silvia SookoianCarlos J Pirola
Jan 12, 2012·Gut·Philip Noel NewsomeUNKNOWN British Transplant Society
Feb 18, 2012·Diabetes Care·Ki-Chul SungChristopher D Byrne
Apr 18, 2012·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Mark Hamer, Emmanuel Stamatakis
Apr 24, 2012·Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·Stefano BallestriPaola Loria
Jul 10, 2012·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Jean-Pierre Després
Sep 6, 2012·European Heart Journal·Francisco B OrtegaSteven N Blair
Citations
Aug 8, 2014·International Urology and Nephrology·Chuan WangLi Chen
Nov 1, 2015·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ruizhi ZhengMaode Lai
Feb 10, 2016·Clinical Obesity·K Qureshi, G A Abrams
Feb 3, 2016·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Kristine M Erlandson, Jordan E Lake
Feb 3, 2016·The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging·Nobuo TomizawaSunao Nakamura
Aug 27, 2014·Obesity·Chang Hee JungWoo Je Lee
Feb 26, 2015·Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders·Giovanni Targher, Christopher D Byrne
Apr 27, 2016·Obesity·Chang Hee JungWoo Je Lee
May 18, 2016·The American Journal of Gastroenterology·Yoosoo ChangSeungho Ryu
Apr 26, 2016·Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·Ji Yeon KimKyu Yong Choi
May 31, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Shasha YuYingxian Sun
Aug 12, 2016·Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders·Sasa DusanovSerena Tonstad
Oct 11, 2016·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Catherine M Phillips
Feb 24, 2016·Scientific Reports·Huijie ZhangXuejun Li
Mar 21, 2017·Diabetes & Metabolism·Y Gutiérrez-GrobeN C Chávez-Tapia
Jun 13, 2017·The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine·Chang Hee JungKee-Ho Song
Feb 2, 2018·Nutrients·Ana Paula StenzelAndrea Ramalho
Sep 20, 2017·AIDS·Jordan E LakeTodd T Brown
Oct 26, 2018·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Javier AmpueroUNKNOWN HEPAmet Registry
Oct 23, 2018·Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·Daniel J CuthbertsonMarkus Juonala
May 16, 2014·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Yoriko HeianzaHirohito Sone
Feb 1, 2018·Medicine·Hanli LinYishan Zheng
Sep 1, 2016·Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism·J A Bell, M Hamer
Dec 7, 2018·Frontiers in Endocrinology·João Sérgio NevesPaula Freitas
Jan 25, 2019·International Journal of Endocrinology·Hye Soo ChungKyung Mook Choi
Jun 30, 2016·Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Giovanni Targher, Christopher D Byrne
Apr 8, 2020·PeerJ·Yu-Wen HsuehHsin-Hao Chen
Nov 26, 2020·BMC Nephrology·Shasha YuYingxian Sun
May 12, 2021·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Tsung-Po ChenKuen-Cheh Yang
Jul 26, 2021·Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology·Helda TutunchiAlireza Ostadrahimi
Sep 30, 2021·BMC Cardiovascular Disorders·Tao TanXiang Gao