Metabolite Profiles of Red and Yellow Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Cultivars Using a 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach.

Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
Fadzil SulaimanIntan Safinar Ismail

Abstract

Watermelon, a widely commercialized fruit, is famous for its thirst-quenching property. The broad range of cultivars, which give rise to distinct color and taste, can be attributed to the differences in their chemical profile, especially that of the carotenoids and volatile compounds. In order to understand this distribution properly, water extracts of red and yellow watermelon pulps with predominantly polar metabolites were subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. Deuterium oxide (D2O) and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) solvents were used to capture both polar and non-polar metabolites from the same sample. Thirty-six metabolites, of which six are carotenoids, were identified from the extracts. The clustering of the compounds was determined using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and further grouping was achieved using supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The presence of lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and prolycopene in the red watermelon plays an important role in its differentiation from the yellow cultivar. A marked difference in metabolite distribution was observed between the NMR solvents used as evidenced from the PCA model. OPLS-DA and relative...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 4, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Mohamad Shazeli Che ZainKhozirah Shaari
Jun 3, 2021·Foods·Abdul-Hamid M EmwasJoanna Izabela Lachowicz
Oct 2, 2021·Frontiers in Nutrition·Maria SorokinaLaurence D Parnell

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR
PCA
infrared spectroscopy

Software Mentioned

SIMCA
Excel
MVDA
DA
OPLS
Chenomx

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