Metformin: actions and indications for use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
R J Mahler

Abstract

Metformin (N,N-dimethylbiguanide) is about to be introduced into the United States. The drug, a potent blood glucose-lowering agent, is rapidly absorbed through the small intestine, has a circulating t 1/2 in plasma of 1.7 to 2.5 hours, and is 90% cleared through the kidneys in 12 hours. The drug does not cause hypoglycemia in nondiabetic patients and is effective in both obese and nonobese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The drug does not act through stimulation of endogenous insulin secretion. It seems to act at multiple sites, with a small effect on the inhibition of intestinal glucose transport, a moderate effect on inhibition of hepatic glucose output, and a major effect on enhancement of peripheral glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissues. In addition to its glucose-lowering potency, metformin causes weight loss in obese patients with NIDDM and lowers total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels as well as causing an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The drug is ideally suited for obese patients with NIDDM who are unresponsive to diet alone, and it is effective in combination w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 15, 2015·Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine·Xu ChenPei Yu
Jul 1, 2016·Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·J Michael Gonzalez-Campoy
Oct 13, 2012·Korean journal of anesthesiology·Hyoseok Kang
Apr 29, 1999·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·N N ChanM D Feher
Aug 24, 1999·Endocrine Reviews·L PoretskyL C Giudice

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