Methods for estimating uncertainty in PMF solutions: examples with ambient air and water quality data and guidance on reporting PMF results

The Science of the Total Environment
Steven G BrownGary A Norris

Abstract

The new version of EPA's positive matrix factorization (EPA PMF) software, 5.0, includes three error estimation (EE) methods for analyzing factor analytic solutions: classical bootstrap (BS), displacement of factor elements (DISP), and bootstrap enhanced by displacement (BS-DISP). These methods capture the uncertainty of PMF analyses due to random errors and rotational ambiguity. To demonstrate the utility of the EE methods, results are presented for three data sets: (1) speciated PM2.5 data from a chemical speciation network (CSN) site in Sacramento, California (2003-2009); (2) trace metal, ammonia, and other species in water quality samples taken at an inline storage system (ISS) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (2006); and (3) an organic aerosol data set from high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) measurements in Las Vegas, Nevada (January 2008). We present an interpretation of EE diagnostics for these data sets, results from sensitivity tests of EE diagnostics using additional and fewer factors, and recommendations for reporting PMF results. BS-DISP and BS are found useful in understanding the uncertainty of factor profiles; they also suggest if the data are over-fitted by specifying too many factors. DISP diagnostics we...Continue Reading

References

Jan 5, 2002·Environmental Science & Technology·R L PoirotA V Polissar
Aug 2, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·Eugene KimMichael Koerber
Jan 26, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·Philip A BzdusekErik R Christensen
Dec 15, 2006·Analytical Chemistry·Peter F DeCarloJose L Jimenez
Mar 16, 2007·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Adam ReffPrakash V Bhave
Sep 19, 2007·Environmental Science & Technology·M Rami AlfarraUrs Baltensperger
Jan 1, 2008·Water Research·Puripus Soonthornnonda, Erik R Christensen
Jun 24, 2008·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Philip K Hopke
Dec 17, 2009·Science·J L JimenezD R Worsnop
Oct 6, 2011·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Qi ZhangYele Sun

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 13, 2016·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Philip K Hopke
Oct 29, 2015·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Brett J TunnoJane E Clougherty
Sep 15, 2016·Environmental Pollution·Md Aynul Bari, Warren B Kindzierski
Jan 20, 2017·Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering·Zohre FarahmandkiaNabiollah Mansouri
Jul 13, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Alexander L FrieRoya Bahreini
Sep 12, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Xiaolei ZhuWenzhong Tang
Jun 10, 2018·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Darlan Daniel AlvesFranko Telöken
Dec 20, 2018·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Yuan LiuWenwen Ding
Jun 23, 2019·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Ho-Tang LiaoChang-Fu Wu
Jun 28, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Darlan Daniel AlvesDaniela Montanari Migliavacca Osório
Oct 14, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Xiaorong ZhangBing Chen
Nov 11, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Pragati RaiAndré S H Prévôt
Feb 25, 2020·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Michael C McCarthySteven G Brown
Nov 5, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·D SrivastavaA Albinet
Mar 8, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Samresh Kumar, Ramya Sunder Raman
Apr 16, 2017·The Science of the Total Environment·Md Aynul Bari, Warren B Kindzierski
Jun 20, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Philip K HopkeYinchang Feng
Mar 24, 2021·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Lei ChaiMinxia Liu
Mar 25, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Jiwei LiRenjian Zhang
Mar 17, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Meinan QuSijia Li
Apr 16, 2021·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Robert A Kotchenruther

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.