Methylation at the CpG island shore region upregulates Nr3c1 promoter activity after early-life stress

Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society
Yvonne BockmühlDietmar Spengler

Abstract

Early-life stress (ELS) induces long-lasting changes in gene expression conferring an increased risk for the development of stress-related mental disorders. Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) mediate the negative feedback actions of glucocorticoids (GC) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary and therefore play a key role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endocrine response to stress. We here show that ELS programs the expression of the GR gene (Nr3c1) by site-specific hypermethylation at the CpG island (CGI) shore in hypothalamic neurons that produce corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh), thus preventing Crh upregulation under conditions of chronic stress. CpGs mapping to the Nr3c1 CGI shore region are dynamically regulated by ELS and underpin methylation-sensitive control of this region's insulation-like function via Ying Yang 1 (YY1) binding. Our results provide new insight into how a genomic element integrates experience-dependent epigenetic programming of the composite proximal Nr3c1 promoter, and assigns an insulating role to the CGI shore.

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Citations

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
immunoprecipitation
ChIP
electrophoretic mobility shift
transfection
Electrophoretic

Software Mentioned

Emboss CpGplot
Transcription Element Search System ( TESS )
- ASW
SPSS
FV10

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