Methylation of arsenic in vitro by cell extracts from bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis): effect of acute exposure of plants to arsenate

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
JieHua WuRoss McC Lilley

Abstract

Compared with microorganisms and mammalian tissues, information is scant on the enzymes responsible for arsenic metabolism in plants. This study investigated the arsenic methylation activities extractable from leaves and roots of Agrostis tenuis Sibth. plants grown in complete nutrient media and exposed to arsenate (135-538 M) for 3 d before harvesting. Methylation activity was determined in leaf and root extracts using an in vitro assay based onS-[3H-methyl]adenosyl-L-methionine (3H-SAM) with either arsenite or arsenate as substrate. Arsenite methylation activity was low in leaf extracts from plants not exposed to arsenate, but was greatly enhanced after acute exposure, with the induced methylation activity greatest in extracts from plants exposed to 269 M arsenate. Monomethylarsonate (MMA) was the predominant early product, but over longer assay times dimethylarsinate (DMA) accumulated at the rate of 660 amol mg protein-1 min-1 to levels exceeding MMA. With arsenate as substrate, methylation activity was much lower than with arsenite, implying that arsenite is the preferred substrate for methylation. Root extract assays exhibited no DMA, however small amounts of MMA were formed with arsenite as substrate. In contrast to leave...Continue Reading

Citations

May 6, 2008·Journal of Experimental Botany·Gareth J NortonAdam H Price
Mar 3, 2010·Annual Review of Plant Biology·Fang-Jie ZhaoAndrew A Meharg
Nov 22, 2011·The New Phytologist·Charlotte LomaxFang-Jie Zhao
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Jun 26, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·Yan JiaYong-Guan Zhu

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