Microbial carbohydrate esterases deacetylating plant polysaccharides

Biotechnology Advances
P Biely

Abstract

Several plant polysaccharides are partially esterified with acetic acid. One of the roles of this modification is protection of plant cell walls against invading microorganisms. Acetylation of glycosyl residues of polysaccharides prevents hydrolysis of their glycosidic linkages by the corresponding glycoside hydrolases. In this way the acetylation also represents an obstacle of enzymatic saccharification of plant hemicelluloses to fermentable sugars which appears to be a hot topic of current research. We can eliminate this obstacle by alkaline extraction or pretreatment leading to saponification of ester linkages. However, this task has been accomplished in a different way in the nature. The acetyl groups became targets of microbial carbohydrate esterases that evolved to overcome the complexity of the plant cell walls and that cooperate with glycoside hydrolases in plant polysaccharide degradation. This article concentrates on enzymes deacetylating plant hemicelluloses excluding pectin. They are currently grouped in at least 8 families, specifically in CE families 1-7 and 16, originally assigned as acetylxylan esterases, the enzymes acting on hardwood acetyl glucuronoxylan and its fragments generated by endo-β-1,4-xylanases. Th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 2, 2013·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Mónica Martínez-MartínezManuel Ferrer
Feb 18, 2014·Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B·Eduardo LarribaLuis Vicente Lopez-Llorca
Jul 23, 2014·Biotechnology Letters·Peter BielyAlan Fernyhough
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Oct 17, 2013·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Peter BielyBjorge Westereng
Feb 5, 2013·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Iveta UhliarikováPeter Biely
Nov 9, 2014·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Vladimír Puchart, Peter Biely
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Jun 23, 2016·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Keiko UechiMasahiro Watanabe
Jul 21, 2016·Journal of Biotechnology·Vladimír PuchartPeter Biely
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