Microbial Etiology and Prevention of Dental Caries: Exploiting Natural Products to Inhibit Cariogenic Biofilms

Pathogens
Xiuqin ChenDeog-Hwan Oh

Abstract

Dental caries is one of the most common microbe-mediated oral diseases in human beings. At present, the accepted etiology of caries is based on a four-factor theory that includes oral microorganisms, oral environment, host, and time. Excessive exposure to dietary carbohydrates leads to the accumulation of acid-producing and acid-resistant microorganisms in the mouth. Dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm adherent to the enamel surface. Effective preventive methods include inhibiting the cariogenic microorganisms, treatment with an anti-biofilm agent, and sugar intake control. The goal is to reduce the total amount of biofilm or the levels of specific pathogens. Natural products could be recommended for preventing dental caries, since they may possess fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic antimicrobials. Herein, the mechanisms of oral microbial community development and functional specialization are discussed. We highlight the application of widely explored natural products in the last five years for their ability to inhibit cariogenic microorganisms.

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Citations

Jan 6, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Raúl E Rivera-QuirogaMaría C Martinez
Apr 20, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Xiaoying LyuXin Xu
May 19, 2021·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Fazlurrahman KhanYoung-Mog Kim
Dec 24, 2020·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials·Shujie WangZhen Li

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