Microbial larvicides for mosquito control: Impact of long lasting formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus on non-target organisms in western Kenya highlands

Ecology and Evolution
Yahya A DeruaGuiyun Yan

Abstract

The microbial larvicides Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus have been used extensively for mosquito control and have been found to be effective and safe to non-target organisms cohabiting with mosquito larvae. Recently developed long lasting microbial larvicides (LLML), although evading the previous challenge of short duration of activity, increase the risk of persistence of toxins in the treated larval habitats. This study monitored the impact of LLML FourStar® and LL3 on non-target organisms cohabiting with mosquito larvae in an operational study to control malaria vectors in western Kenya highlands. A total of 300 larval habitats were selected in three highland villages. The habitats were first monitored for 5 weeks to collect baseline data on non-target organisms cohabiting with mosquito larvae and then randomized into two treatment arms (respective FourStar® and LL3) and one control arm. Non-target organisms were sampled weekly for 5 months after treatment to assess the impact of LLML intervention. Before treatment, the mean density of all non-target organisms combined in the control, LL3 and FourStar® treated habitats was 1.42, 1.39 and 1.49 individuals per habitat per sampling occasion, respe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 24, 2020·Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease·Elerson Matos RochaJayme A Souza-Neto
Feb 19, 2021·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Emma N I WeeksBruce R Stevens
Mar 25, 2021·Malaria Journal·Prisca A OriaDanielle Piccinini Black
Apr 21, 2021·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Madelaine A EmpeyVance L Trudeau
Aug 27, 2021·Toxins·Maria Helena Neves Lobo Silva-FilhaAlejandra Bravo

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Software Mentioned

LL3
R
FourStar ®
Excel
FourStar

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