Microbicides and other topical strategies to prevent vaginal transmission of HIV

Nature Reviews. Immunology
Michael M LedermanOliver Hartley

Abstract

The HIV epidemic is, by many criteria, the worst outbreak of infectious disease in history. The rate of new infections is now approximately 5 million per year, mainly in the developing world, and is increasing. Women are now substantially more at risk of infection with HIV than men. With no cure or effective vaccine in sight, a huge effort is required to develop topical agents (often called microbicides) that, applied to the vaginal mucosa, would prevent infection of these high-risk individuals. We discuss the targets for topical agents that have been identified by studies of the biology of HIV infection and provide an overview of the progress towards the development of a usable agent.

References

May 1, 1990·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·N S PadianN P Jewell
Nov 27, 1993·Lancet·J M LangeP Piot
Aug 1, 1994·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·P J PlourdeF A Plummer
Oct 1, 1996·Nature Medicine·P A MarxN J Alexander
Oct 3, 1996·Nature·F Arenzana-SeisdedosM Baggiolini
May 9, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D ZaguryR C Gallo
Aug 26, 1998·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association·G T SpearA L Landay
Apr 28, 1999·Trends in Microbiology·S UgoliniQ J Sattentau
May 13, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M BabaM Fujino

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 13, 2008·Pharmaceutical Research·Anthony S HamLisa Cencia Rohan
Mar 7, 2012·Pharmaceutical Research·Anthony S HamRobert W Buckheit
Jan 20, 2009·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Paul W Denton, J Victor Garcia
May 4, 2010·The Journal of Microbiology·Su-A LeeSoon-Young Paik
Mar 6, 2007·Nature Medicine·Lot de WitteTeunis B H Geijtenbeek
Dec 7, 2007·Nature Methods·Stuart G TurvilleMelissa Robbiani
Oct 26, 2006·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Li Wu, Vineet N KewalRamani
Jul 24, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ronald S VeazeyJohn P Moore
Nov 14, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Hubert GaertnerOliver Hartley
Mar 20, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Paolo IngallinellaAntonello Pessi
Oct 28, 2009·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Ana CeballosJorge Geffner
Feb 8, 2008·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Anthony S Fauci
Oct 5, 2010·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Michael M LedermanJames J Goedert
Aug 26, 2011·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Andrea GorlaniTheo Verrips
Sep 20, 2008·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Li Wu
Jul 26, 2008·Science·Robert M GrantMark A Wainberg
Sep 8, 2011·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Mark DuvalLisa A Cavacini
Feb 24, 2011·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Vanessa PirroneFred C Krebs
Feb 20, 2007·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Yen T DuongThomas W North
Nov 16, 2011·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Ana Maria ChamounZhilei Chen
Nov 16, 2011·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Philippe SelhorstGuido Vanham
Feb 15, 2012·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·R Karl MalcolmJohn P Moore
Sep 26, 2007·Annual Review of Medicine·Per Johan KlasseJohn P Moore
Oct 17, 2007·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology·Shawn E Kuhmann, Oliver Hartley
Jan 10, 2013·BMC Microbiology·Hidemi S YamamotoRaina N Fichorova
Jul 28, 2010·Journal of Translational Medicine·Britta WahrenGabriella Scarlatti

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.