Microbicides for HIV prevention: reality or hope?

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
Ian McGowan

Abstract

This review discusses recent developments within the field of microbicide development and considers whether there are grounds to be hopeful that it will be possible to develop a microbicide for the prevention of HIV infection. Phase 2B/3 effectiveness studies of surfactant and polyanion vaginal microbicides have demonstrated modest or no effect against HIV infection and in the case of nonoxynol-9 and cellulose sulfate the potential to increase the risk of HIV acquisition. However, newer antiretroviral microbicide candidates, such as tenofovir, have shown good safety and significant efficacy in animal models and human tissue explant systems and are currently being evaluated in human effectiveness studies. New formulation platforms, such as vaginal rings, are being developed to optimize product acceptability and adherence, and far greater scrutiny of candidate microbicides is happening at both the preclinical and early clinical phase of development. Drug development is an inherently high-risk activity and many promising candidates are discarded due to safety issues or lack of efficacy. Lessons learned over the last two decades have helped to improve the microbicide development pathway and provide hope that it will be possible to ...Continue Reading

References

Aug 19, 2003·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Che-Chung TsaiMichael R Boyd
Mar 6, 2004·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Che-Chung TsaiMichael R Boyd
Sep 25, 2004·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Charlene S DezzuttiClyde E Hart
Mar 30, 2005·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Yong-Hou JiangChe-Chung Tsai
Oct 6, 2005·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Sheila R AbnerCharlene S Dezzutti
Nov 15, 2005·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Oliver PuschBharat Ramratnam
Dec 16, 2005·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Amy SextonJulian K-C Ma
Mar 29, 2007·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Zhifeng SunJ Victor Garcia
May 18, 2007·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·C W HendrixR Wahl
Oct 9, 2007·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Sarju PatelMarla J Keller
Jul 26, 2008·Science·Robert M GrantMark A Wainberg
Aug 2, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Lut Van DammeUNKNOWN CS Study Group
Nov 8, 2008·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Fabrice CeriniOliver Hartley
Nov 14, 2008·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology·Craig W HendrixEdward J Fuchs
Nov 26, 2008·Sexually Transmitted Infections·I McGowan
Feb 17, 2009·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·James E Cummins, Gustavo F Doncel
Mar 5, 2009·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Carolina HerreraRobin J Shattock
Apr 1, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Barry R O'KeefeKenneth E Palmer
Apr 18, 2009·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Ronald S Veazey
Apr 25, 2009·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·J RomanoM Mitchnick
May 12, 2009·Sexually Transmitted Infections·S C KalichmanS Jooste
May 28, 2009·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Amy SextonJulian K-C Ma
Jun 24, 2009·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Julie B DumondAngela D M Kashuba
Jun 27, 2009·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Dorothy L PattonKathleen J Paul
Jul 10, 2009·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Pedro M M MesquitaBetsy C Herold
Sep 4, 2009·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Nicola Richardson-HarmanJames E Cummins
Sep 23, 2009·Advanced Functional Materials·Julie I JayPatrick F Kiser

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 19, 2011·AIDS and Behavior·Ian McGowan
Nov 6, 2013·Antiviral Research·Bríd DevlinZeda Rosenberg
May 1, 2013·Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·Lee Adam WheelerJudy Lieberman
Nov 26, 2010·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Michael D MooreWilliam James
Apr 20, 2011·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Kevin C BrownAngela D M Kashuba
Jul 1, 2010·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Bret J RudyIan McGowan
Mar 24, 2011·Future Medicinal Chemistry·Jose J ReinaJavier Rojo
Feb 15, 2014·Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology·Lee Adam Wheeler
Aug 31, 2012·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Felix M MuchombaNabila El-Bassel
May 1, 2012·Drug Delivery and Translational Research·David F KatzMeng Kang
Oct 7, 2015·Anthropology & Medicine·Catherine M Montgomery
Mar 4, 2014·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Claire J ForbesR Karl Malcolm
Oct 7, 2011·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Meredith R ClarkPatrick F Kiser
Apr 17, 2012·Trends in Microbiology·Paul W Denton, J Victor Garcia
Aug 25, 2011·Biomaterials·Nikita K MalaviaDaniel S Kohane
Jan 8, 2011·The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC·James M McMahonAmanda Coyle
Apr 17, 2012·International Journal of Inflammation·John J Schellenberg, Francis A Plummer
May 15, 2012·Medicinal Research Reviews·Erik De Clercq
Sep 23, 2010·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology·Peter S Kim, Sarah W Read
Jul 14, 2010·Journal of Medical Primatology·James M SmithRon A Otten
Mar 19, 2014·American Journal of Reproductive Immunology : AJRI·Ian McGowan
May 7, 2016·Scientific Reports·Yeruva Samrajya LakshmiAnand K Kondapi
Mar 1, 2012·Journal of Health Psychology·Mindy MaKenneth H Mayer
Mar 16, 2017·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Wai Kan ChiuIan McGowan
Jun 15, 2010·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Elizabeth HamlynSarah Fidler
Mar 16, 2018·The Open Virology Journal·Philippe A GallayJohn A Moss

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.