Microglia exit the CNS in spinal root avulsion

PLoS Biology
Lauren A GreenCody J Smith

Abstract

Microglia are central nervous system (CNS)-resident cells. Their ability to migrate outside of the CNS, however, is not understood. Using time-lapse imaging in an obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI) model, we show that microglia squeeze through the spinal boundary and emigrate to peripheral spinal roots. Although both macrophages and microglia respond, microglia are the debris-clearing cell. Once outside the CNS, microglia re-enter the spinal cord in an altered state. These peripheral nervous system (PNS)-experienced microglia can travel to distal CNS areas from the injury site, including the brain, with debris. This emigration is balanced by two mechanisms-induced emigration via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) dependence and restriction via contact-dependent cellular repulsion with macrophages. These discoveries open the possibility that microglia can migrate outside of their textbook-defined regions in disease states.

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Citations

Jun 24, 2020·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Idy H T HoXiaodong Liu
Jul 8, 2020·Nature Neuroscience·Alexandria N Hughes, Bruce Appel
Jul 9, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Susanna R Var, Christine A Byrd-Jacobs
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Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Arthur Sefiani, Cédric G Geoffroy
Jun 16, 2021·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Sai QiaoSiyuan Zhou

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