Microglia Polarization, Gene-Environment Interactions and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: Emerging Roles of Glia-Neuron and Glia-Stem/Neuroprogenitor Crosstalk for Dopaminergic Neurorestoration in Aged Parkinsonian Brain

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Francesca L'episcopoBianca Marchetti

Abstract

Neuroinflammatory processes are recognized key contributory factors in Parkinson's disease (PD) physiopathology. While the causes responsible for the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuronal cell bodies in the subtantia nigra pars compacta are poorly understood, aging, genetics, environmental toxicity, and particularly inflammation, represent prominent etiological factors in PD development. Especially, reactive astrocytes, microglial cells, and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages play dual beneficial/harmful effects, via a panel of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotrophic and neurogenic transcription factors. Notably, with age, microglia may adopt a potent neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory "primed" (M1) phenotype when challenged with inflammatory or neurotoxic stimuli that hamper brain's own restorative potential and inhibit endogenous neurorepair mechanisms. In the last decade we have provided evidence for a major role of microglial crosstalk with astrocytes, mDA neurons and neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) in the MPTP- (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-) mouse model of PD, and identified Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pivotal morphogen for mDA neurodevelopment, neuroprotection,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 17, 2019·Experimental Neurobiology·Won Suk LeeKyoungho Suk
Apr 14, 2020·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery·Annalucia SerafinoMauro Cozzolino
Jun 25, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Bianca MarchettiNunzio Iraci
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Dec 6, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Cai-Yun LiuHong-Liang Zhang
Sep 20, 2020·Biomolecules·Loredana LeggioNunzio Iraci
Jan 25, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Pau GonzálezFrancisco Javier Rodríguez
Mar 27, 2020·Neural Regeneration Research·Carlos Gonzalez-FernandezFrancisco Javier Rodríguez
Jan 13, 2021·Scientific Reports·Takaomi KuriokaTaku Yamashita
Feb 20, 2021·CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets·Rokeya AkterSimona Bungau

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ubiquitination
nuclear translocation

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