Microglial Activation After Systemic Stimulation With Lipopolysaccharide and Escherichia coli

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Inge C M HooglandDiederik van de Beek

Abstract

Background: Microglial activation after systemic infection has been suggested to mediate sepsis-associated delirium. A systematic review of animal studies suggested distinct differences between microglial activation after systemic challenge with live bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we describe a mouse model of microglial activation after systemic challenge with live Escherichia coli (E. coli) and compare results with systemic challenge with LPS. Methods: Sixty mice were intraperitoneally injected with E. coli (1 × 104 colony-forming units) and sacrificed at 12, 20, 48, and 72 h after inoculation. For 48 and 72 h time points, mice were treated with ceftriaxone. Thirty mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) and sacrificed 3 and 48 h after inoculation; 48 control mice were intraperitoneally injected with isotonic saline. Microglial response was monitored by immunohistochemical staining with Iba-1 antibody and flow cytometry; and inflammatory response by mRNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Results: Mice infected with live E. coli showed microglial activation 72 h post-inoculation, with increased cell number in cortex (p = 0.0002), hippocampus (p = 0.003), and thalamus (p = 0.0001),...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Feb 20, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Ping LiXue-Sen Yang
Jul 30, 2020·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Michael Ohene-NyakoT Celeste Napier
Jan 8, 2019·Advances in Nutrition·Sorayya Kheirouri, Mohammad Alizadeh
Dec 29, 2020·Experimental Eye Research·Neil F AshAlfred S Lewin
Feb 14, 2021·Biomolecules·Maria Jose Carranza-NavalAngel Del Marco
May 1, 2021·Cells·Brianna Cyr, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
Aug 3, 2021·Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology·Janani ManochkumarSiva Ramamoorthy

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
blood collection
Flow

Software Mentioned

Rad MyiQ Optical system
GraphPad
FlowJo
Bio
GraphPad Prism

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