Microparticles as Potential Mediators of High Glucose-Induced Renal Cell Injury

Biomolecules
Sreenithya RavindranShankar Munusamy

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Activation of signaling pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are thought to play a significant role in the etiology of DN. Microparticles (MPs), the small membrane vesicles containing bioactive signals shed by cells upon activation or during apoptosis, are elevated in diabetes and were identified as biomarkers in DN. However, their exact role in the pathophysiology of DN remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of MPs shed from renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) exposed to high glucose conditions on naïve RPTCs in vitro. Our results showed significant increases in the levels of phosphorylated forms of 4E-binding protein 1 and ERK1/2 (the downstream targets of mTOR and ERK pathways), phosphorylated-eIF2α (an ER stress marker), alpha smooth muscle actin (an EMT marker), and phosphorylated-SMAD2 and nuclear translocation of SMAD4 (markers of TGF-β signaling). Together, our findings indicate that MPs activate key signaling pathways in RPTCs under high g...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Yanfang LuZhangsuo Liu
Jun 3, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Goren Saenz-PipaonCarmen Roncal
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Giulia CricrìFederica Collino

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein folding
protein assay
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
AlphaView
Prism

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