Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules functioning as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs play a significant role in organism development, regulating developmental timing, cell differentiation, and specification. In the developing brain, miRNAs regulate neural stem cell differentiation, lineage specification, synaptogenesis, and brain morphogenesis. Temporal and spatial specificity of miRNA expression make them an attractive marker to study cellular responses to toxicant exposure. Neural differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) has been established as an alternative method to study developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) in vitro. This unit will describe a method for miRNA profiling (miRNomics) as a molecular end point to study developmental neurotoxicity. A protocol for neural differentiation of mESC will be described as a cellular model for DNT testing. The miRNomics protocol is versatile and can be used with other DNT cellular systems such as primary cultures, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
References
Jul 13, 2000·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·V Ambros
Jan 10, 2002·Cell·V Ambros
Apr 23, 2005·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Lena SmirnovaF Gregory Wulczyn
Nov 30, 2005·Nucleic Acids Research·Caifu ChenKarl J Guegler
Dec 19, 2006·Lancet·P Grandjean, P J Landrigan
Jul 3, 2007·Cell·Pablo LandgrafThomas Tuschl
Jun 13, 2008·Nature Protocols·Thomas D Schmittgen, Kenneth J Livak
Sep 6, 2008·PloS One·Shlomit GiladAyelet Chajut
Feb 28, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kai WangDavid J Galas
Jan 29, 2010·American Journal of Epidemiology·Sharon K SagivSusan A Korrick
Jul 8, 2010·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Bridget M Kuehn
Sep 18, 2010·Clinical Chemistry·Jessica A WeberKai Wang
May 20, 2011·BMC Genomics·Xudong Wu, Yijiang Song
Jul 2, 2011·Nature Protocols·Andrea E M Seiler, Horst Spielmann
Jul 7, 2011·Current Protocols in Molecular Biology·Martha F Kramer
Apr 17, 2012·Leukemia·S GrasedieckFlorian Kuchenbauer
Apr 19, 2012·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Colin C PritchardMuneesh Tewari
Jun 27, 2012·Neurotoxicology·Anke VisanAndrea E M Seiler
Nov 28, 2013·Nucleic Acids Research·Ana Kozomara, Sam Griffiths-Jones
Jun 5, 2014·PloS One·Lena SmirnovaAndreas Luch
Jul 11, 2014·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Karla F Meza-SosaLeonor Pérez-Martínez
Citations
Dec 10, 2015·Archives of Toxicology·L SmirnovaT Hartung
Aug 6, 2016·Archives of Toxicology·Béla Z SchmidtAndrás Dinnyés
Aug 5, 2017·Current Protocols in Toxicology·Georgina HarrisLena Smirnova
Jul 16, 2019·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Emma L SchymanskiRudi Balling
Jan 21, 2021·Neurochemical Research·Nan ZhangYiwen Gao