MicroRNAs and DNA-Damaging Drugs in Breast Cancer: Strength in Numbers

Frontiers in Oncology
Ilaria PlantamuraAlessandra Cataldo

Abstract

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs playing key roles in cancer. Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy worldwide and is categorized into four molecular subtypes: luminal A and B, HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Despite the development of multiple targeted therapies for luminal and HER2+ breast tumors, TNBC lacks specific therapeutic approaches, thus they are treated mainly with radio- and chemotherapy. The effectiveness of these therapeutic regimens is based on their ability to induce DNA damage, which is differentially resolved and repaired by normal vs. cancer cells. Recently, drugs directly targeting DNA repair mechanisms, such as PARP inhibitors, have emerged as attractive candidates for the future molecular targeted-therapy in breast cancer. These compounds prevent cancer cells to appropriate repair DNA double strand breaks and induce a phenomenon called synthetic lethality, that results from the concurrent inhibition of PARP and the absence of functional BRCA genes which prompt cell death. MicroRNAs are relevant players in most of the biological processes including DNA damage repair mechanisms. Consistently, the downregulation of DNA repair genes by miRNAs have been probe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 20, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Giulia CosentinoMarilena V Iorio
Feb 9, 2021·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer·Juan JinXichun Hu
May 12, 2019·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Junyong ZhaoLin Fang
Sep 16, 2021·Cancer Metastasis Reviews·Iris Garrido-CanoPilar Eroles

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenograft

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01829971
NCT02369198
NCT02580552

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