MicroRNAs: markers of β-cell stress and autoimmunity

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
F DottaAlberto Pugliese

Abstract

We discuss current knowledge about microRNAs (miRNAs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease leading to severe loss of pancreatic β-cells. We describe: the role of cellular miRNAs in regulating immune functions and pathways impacting insulin secretion and β-cell survival; circulating miRNAs as disease biomarkers. Studies examined miRNAs in experimental models and patients, including analysis of tissues from organ donors, peripheral blood cells, and circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma, and exosomes. Studies employed diverse designs and methodologies to detect miRNAs and measure their levels. Selected miRNAs have been linked to the regulation of key biological pathways and disease pathogenesis; several circulating miRNAs are associated with having T1D, islet autoimmunity, disease progression, and immune and metabolic functions, for example, C-peptide secretion, in multiple studies. A growing literature reveals multiple roles of miRNAs in T1D, provide new clues into the regulation of disease mechanisms, and identify reproducible associations. Yet challenges remain, and the field will benefit from joint efforts to analyze results, compare methodologies, formally test the robustness of miRNA associations, and ultimately mov...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 7, 2018·Current Diabetes Reports·Fatimah T AlRashidi, Kathleen M Gillespie
Nov 7, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Mirza Muhammad Fahd QadirRicardo Luis Pastori
Sep 7, 2019·Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine·Bennett Francis DwanPing Wang
Dec 18, 2020·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Martin G Scherm, Carolin Daniel

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