MicroRNAs, Regulatory Messengers Inside and Outside Cancer Cells

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Simone AnfossiGeorge A Calin

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with typical sequence lengths of 19-25 nucleotides and extraordinary abilities to regulate gene expression. Because miRNAs regulate multiple important biological functions of the cell (proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, differentiation, and drug resistance), their expression is highly controlled. Genetic and epigenetic alterations frequently found in cancer cells can cause aberrant expression of miRNAs and, consequently, of their target genes. The tumor microenvironment can also affect miRNA expression through soluble factors (e.g., cytokines and growth factors) secreted by either tumor cells or non-tumor cells (such as immune and stromal cells). Furthermore, like hormones, miRNAs can be secreted and regulate gene expression in recipient cells. Altered expression levels of miRNAs in cancer cells determine the acquisition of fundamental biological capabilities (hallmarks of cancer) responsible for the development and progression of the disease.

Citations

Dec 24, 2018·Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer·Maria Angelica CortezGeorge A Calin
Feb 26, 2019·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Hui ChenDeliang Liu
Sep 8, 2020·Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B·Juan XuXian-Feng Ding
Mar 20, 2019·Cancers·Barbara Pardini, George A Calin
Jan 13, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Claudia CampanellaStefano Fais
Jul 20, 2020·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Isabel HeidrichKlaus Pantel
Apr 18, 2020·Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR·Shiming TanQianjin Liao
Nov 4, 2020·Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment·Manman YingHong Ning
Dec 19, 2020·Cancer Research·Deborah A SilvermanMoran Amit
Jul 11, 2021·European Journal of Pharmacology·Bahareh ZarinGolnaz Vaseghi

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