Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Obesity: Role of TNF-α

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Agostino VirdisStefano Masi

Abstract

Endothelium guarantees vascular homeostasis by the opposite action of substances by vasodilating/antithrombogenic and vasoconstricting/prothrombotic activities. Obesity is characterized by endothelial dysfunction associated with a condition of vascular low-grade inflammation. Analysis of available basic or clinical papers published in peer-reviewed international journals on microcirculation and obesity. Vascular low-grade inflammation, which characterizes obesity, is secondary to abnormal production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α. TNF-α, generated either in small vessels or within the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) of patients with obesity, stimulates reactive oxygen species generation, mainly through NAD(P)H oxidase activation, which in turn reduces nitric oxide (NO) availability. These aspects are highlighted by the insulin resistance status and macronutrient intake that characterize the obesity condition. Oxidant excess has also been proposed as a mechanism whereby TNF-α interferes with the endothelin-1/NO system at the level of small vessels from patients with obesity. In obesity, microvasculature from visceral fat is an important source of low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress that, together with t...Continue Reading

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Jul 30, 2019·International Reviews of Immunology·Yan ChenWei-Min Deng
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Sep 11, 2021·Scientific Reports·Masato KajikawaYukihito Higashi

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