Microwaves and heat in aldehyde fixation: model experiments with bovine serum albumin

Methods : a Companion to Methods in Enzymology
D Hopwood

Abstract

Most model experiments concerning tissue fixation have used low concentrations of fixatives and proteins. Here, high concentrations (up to 32%) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were reacted with formaldehyde (1-20%) and glutaraldehyde (0.5-4%). Gels were formed between 16% BSA and 10-20% formaldehyde at room temperature, but not with percentages of formaldehyde lower than 4%. Microwave application or heating in a water bath to 50 degrees C gave a gel from 1 to 20% formaldehyde. Sixteen percent BSA also gave a gel with glutaraldehyde from 0.5 to 4%. Cone and plate viscometry showed rapidly increasing viscosity at 4% formaldehyde and 16% BSA at room temperature. At 50 degrees C, gels formed at a low concentration of formaldehyde. Tissue fixation in which the local concentrations of protein may be in excess of 30% is probably more complete than in vitro experiments in which low concentrations of reagents have been used to permit subsequent spectrometry. This was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of liver.

Citations

Dec 1, 2015·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Tijs Albert Maria RoversMarcel B J Meinders
Apr 6, 2004·Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society·Maria Angela VandelliFlavio Forni
Mar 22, 2000·The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society·H LouisJ M Lamazière
Feb 10, 2004·Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology·Vladimir K RaitJeffrey T Mason
Dec 21, 2006·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Anat L BonshtienAbdussalam Azem
Sep 17, 1998·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·P A VoziyanM T Fisher

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