Midkine promotes proliferation of primordial germ cells by inhibiting the expression of the deleted in azoospermia-like gene

Endocrinology
Wei ShenJulang Li

Abstract

Primordial germ cell (PGC) development is an area of research that is hampered by low cell numbers as well as difficulty in isolation. They are, however, required for the production of gametes and as such represent an important area of understanding that has widespread implications for fertility and reproductive technologies. Here we investigated the role of the heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) on PGC development, first using our established model of porcine stem cell-derived PGC-like cells and then confirming our findings in PGC. Our results show that MK has a mitogenic effect on PGC, mediated through an increased cell proliferation as well as decreased apoptosis. Upon further investigation, we found these effects concomitant with the decreased expression of the germ cell-specific gene deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL). This decrease in DAZL expression, and consequent decreases in the meiosis-related genes SCP3 and DMC1, suggest a role for MK in preventing a shift in the PGC phenotype toward meiosis. MK instead increases activity of mitotic pathways in PGC, keeping them in a proliferative, less differentiated state. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of DAZL further confirmed its role in promoting meiosis in and red...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 25, 2012·Stem Cells and Development·Bong-Wook ParkJulang Li
Sep 3, 2013·British Journal of Pharmacology·T Muramatsu
Mar 25, 2014·Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao·Yuan-Chao SunWei Shen
Jan 29, 2014·Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·Bong-Wook Park

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