Migratory monarchs that encounter resident monarchs show life-history differences and higher rates of parasite infection

Ecology Letters
Dara A SatterfieldSonia Altizer

Abstract

Environmental change induces some wildlife populations to shift from migratory to resident behaviours. Newly formed resident populations could influence the health and behaviour of remaining migrants. We investigated migrant-resident interactions among monarch butterflies and consequences for life history and parasitism. Eastern North American monarchs migrate annually to Mexico, but some now breed year-round on exotic milkweed in the southern US and experience high infection prevalence of protozoan parasites. Using stable isotopes (δ2 H, δ13 C) and cardenolide profiles to estimate natal origins, we show that migrant and resident monarchs overlap during fall and spring migration. Migrants at sites with residents were 13 times more likely to have infections and three times more likely to be reproductive (outside normal breeding season) compared to other migrants. Exotic milkweed might either attract migrants that are already infected or reproductive, or alternatively, induce these states. Increased migrant-resident interactions could affect monarch parasitism, migratory success and long-term conservation.

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Citations

Sep 5, 2019·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Ania A MajewskaRichard J Hall
Aug 6, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Ayşe Tenger-Trolander, Marcus R Kronforst
Mar 31, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Anurag A Agrawal
Dec 10, 2020·Movement Ecology·Boya GaoJason W Chapman
Mar 5, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Robert Poulin, Daniela de Angeli Dutra
Mar 31, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Shawan ChowdhuryMyron P Zalucki

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