Mild depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane is a crucial component of an anti-aging program

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Mikhail Y VyssokikhVladimir P Skulachev

Abstract

The mitochondria of various tissues from mice, naked mole rats (NMRs), and bats possess two mechanistically similar systems to prevent the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS): hexokinases I and II and creatine kinase bound to mitochondrial membranes. Both systems operate in a manner such that one of the kinase substrates (mitochondrial ATP) is electrophoretically transported by the ATP/ADP antiporter to the catalytic site of bound hexokinase or bound creatine kinase without ATP dilution in the cytosol. One of the kinase reaction products, ADP, is transported back to the mitochondrial matrix via the antiporter, again through an electrophoretic process without cytosol dilution. The system in question continuously supports H+-ATP synthase with ADP until glucose or creatine is available. Under these conditions, the membrane potential, ∆ψ, is maintained at a lower than maximal level (i.e., mild depolarization of mitochondria). This ∆ψ decrease is sufficient to completely inhibit mROS generation. In 2.5-y-old mice, mild depolarization disappears in the skeletal muscles, diaphragm, heart, spleen, and brain and partially in the lung and kidney. This age-dependent decrease in the levels of bound kinases is not obs...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 2, 2020·Aging·Vladimir P SkulachevVictor A Sadovnichii
Sep 24, 2020·Biomolecules·Svyatoslav S SokolovFedor F Severin
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMRs
NMR
confocal microscopy

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