Abstract
To assess the long-term association of military combat stress with coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS). The association between exposure to military combat and the occurrence of CHD and IS was assessed among 5,347 men in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Outcomes were assessed an average of 36 years after entry into military service during the eras of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam conflict. Veterans were more likely to be older, white, and of higher socioeconomic status than non-veterans. No differences in CHD period prevalence rates were noted among the three exposure groups, overall or by era of service. Associations between combat and ischemic stroke period prevalence may be modified by father's education, although confidence intervals were wide and event rates small. Overall, middle-aged veterans with distant combat exposure are not at increased cardiovascular risk compared to those without combat exposure.
References
Jun 1, 1992·Medical Care·K H Anderson, J M Mitchell
Oct 1, 1991·Archives of Internal Medicine·W C CushmanS Nunn
Jun 1, 1989·Statistics in Medicine·J Robins
Jun 1, 1989·Journal of Personality·G H Elder, E C Clipp
Apr 1, 1995·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·P F VisintainerE L Peterson
Apr 1, 1995·The American Journal of Psychiatry·K A LeeG H Elder
Nov 14, 1996·The New England Journal of Medicine·H K Kang, T A Bullman
Apr 3, 1999·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·W D RosamondE Shahar
Jun 21, 2002·Psychosomatics·Drue H BarrettBradley N Doebbeling
Jul 2, 2004·The New England Journal of Medicine·Charles W HogeRobert L Koffman
Sep 29, 2004·Archives of Internal Medicine·Tegan K Catlin BoehmerDrue H Barrett
Jan 29, 2005·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Seth R AxelrodSteven M Southwick
Aug 16, 2005·Annals of Epidemiology·Joseph A Boscarino
Oct 28, 2006·Comprehensive Psychiatry·Joseph A Boscarino
Aug 28, 2007·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Bruce P DohrenwendRandall Marshall
Jul 4, 2008·Psychosomatic Medicine·Joseph A Boscarino
Citations
Feb 3, 2011·BMC Public Health·Tarja KunnasSeppo T Nikkari
Jun 22, 2010·Journal of Traumatic Stress·Janice E WilliamsKathryn M Rose
Nov 5, 2013·General Hospital Psychiatry·M Natalie HusarewyczJitender Sareen
Jul 3, 2013·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Viola VaccarinoJ Douglas Bremner
Jul 9, 2016·BMC Psychiatry·Lukoye AtwoliKarestan C Koenen
May 9, 2014·American Journal of Epidemiology·Beverly P BergmanJill P Pell
Apr 15, 2017·Epidemiology·Caroline A McHutchisonJoanna M Wardlaw
Feb 22, 2017·Medical Care·Samuel T SavitzJo E Rodgers
Jan 12, 2017·Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps·Adel JoharimoghadamS Kheirkhah-Sabetghadam
Jun 27, 2018·Chronic Illness·Ramon Hinojosa
Mar 13, 2014·Circulation·Nancy F Crum-CianfloneTyler C Smith
Mar 13, 2014·Circulation·Rachel Lampert
Apr 12, 2019·The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing·Ramon Hinojosa
Mar 21, 2015·Medical Care·Lei ZhouJo E Rodgers
Jul 22, 2018·Journal of General Internal Medicine·Wei Duan-PorterTimothy J Wilt
Jan 15, 2020·International Journal of Vascular Medicine·Christopher J BoosAlexander N Bennett
Nov 1, 2020·BMJ Open·Alexander N BennettUNKNOWN ADVANCE Study
Jan 5, 2021·International Journal of Epidemiology·Zachary ZimmerTran Khanh Toan
Mar 8, 2021·Conflict and Health·Yvette YoungTran Khanh Toan