Millipedes that smell like bugs: (E)-alkenals in the defensive secretion of the julid diplopod Allajulus dicentrus.

Journal of Chemical Ecology
Michaela Bodner, Günther Raspotnig

Abstract

The secretions from serial defensive glands of the Austrian diplopod Allajulus dicentrus (Julidae, Cylindroiulini) were extracted and analyzed by means of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. In adults, 13 components from two chemical classes were detected: 1) The common juliform benzoquinones were represented by four compounds (2-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone). From this series, 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone was most abundant, comprising about 40 % of the whole secretion. 2) All remaining compounds were identified as aliphatic (E)-alkenals [(E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-2-decenal)] along with their corresponding alcohols. (E)-2-Octenal was most abundant, roughly accounting for another 35 % of the secretion. In juveniles, different stages in the ontogenetic development of the secretion were observed, with early instars (stadium III and IV) exclusively containing the benzoquinone fraction. Alkenols and alkenals were added in later instars (stadium V and VI), with secretions of stadium VI-juveniles being already similar to those of adults. Representatives of Spirostreptida, Spirobolida...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1974·Die Naturwissenschaften·H Z LevinsonU Machwitz
Mar 1, 1965·Annals of the Entomological Society of America·T EisnerY Meinwald
Oct 1, 1993·Journal of Natural Products·A B AttygalleT Eisner
Jun 1, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A B AttygalleJ Meinwald
Apr 1, 1997·Die Naturwissenschaften·L A WilliamsL S Caleb-Williams
Mar 14, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T EisnerJ Meinwald
Feb 9, 2000·Die Naturwissenschaften·R Deml, A Huth
Jul 21, 2004·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Thomas SchmittK Eduard Linsenmair
Feb 20, 2008·Chemical Senses·Prodpran ThakeowStefan Schütz
May 13, 2008·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Eric SiljanderGerhard Gries
Aug 20, 2009·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Bozidar P M CurcićLjubodrag V Vujisić
Sep 3, 2010·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Slobodan E MakarovBojan M Mitić
Nov 22, 2011·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Ljubodrag V VujisićBojan M Mitić

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 5, 2016·Chemical Senses·Nathaniel T BlairDavid E Clapham
Jun 16, 2015·Cladistics : the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society·Günther RaspotnigIvo Karaman
Dec 21, 2014·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Yasumasa KuwaharaYasuhisa Asano
Mar 18, 2017·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Slobodan E MakarovGünther Raspotnig
Mar 13, 2018·Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution·Günther RaspotnigAxel Schönhofer
Mar 3, 2017·Die Naturwissenschaften·Yasumasa KuwaharaYasuhisa Asano
Apr 27, 2017·Natural Product Reports·E MolloM T Ghiselin
Oct 17, 2020·Journal of Natural Products·Günther RaspotnigHans-Jörg Leis

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.