Mineralogical signatures of stone formation mechanisms.

Urological Research
Laurie B GowerSaeed R Khan

Abstract

The mechanisms involved in biomineralization are modulated through interactions with organic matrix. In the case of stone formation, the role of the organic macromolecules in the complex urinary environment is not clear, but the presence of mineralogical 'signatures' suggests that some aspects of stone formation may result from a non-classical crystallization process that is induced by acidic proteins. An amorphous precursor has been detected in many biologically controlled mineralization reactions, which is thought to be regulated by non-specific interactions between soluble acidic proteins and mineral ions. Using in vitro model systems, we find that a liquid-phase amorphous mineral precursor induced by acidic polypeptides can lead to crystal textures that resemble those found in Randall's plaque and kidney stones. This polymer-induced liquid-precursor process leads to agglomerates of coalesced mineral spherules, dense-packed spherulites with concentric laminations, mineral coatings and 'cements', and collagen-associated mineralization. Through the use of in vitro model systems, the mechanisms involved in the formation of these crystallographic features may be resolved, enhancing our understanding of the potential role(s) that...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 14, 2013·Biological Trace Element Research·Ching-Li ChengShan-Yang Lin
Jan 10, 2012·Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism·Vishal N Ratkalkar, Jack G Kleinman
Jan 24, 2012·The Journal of Urology·Saeed R KhanManoj Monga

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