Mini-Review on the Roles of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Selenium in the Immune System against COVID-19

Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
Minkyung Bae, Hyeyoung Kim

Abstract

Low levels of micronutrients have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes during viral infections. Therefore, to maximize the nutritional defense against infections, a daily allowance of vitamins and trace elements for malnourished patients at risk of or diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be beneficial. Recent studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that vitamin D and selenium deficiencies are evident in patients with acute respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D improves the physical barrier against viruses and stimulates the production of antimicrobial peptides. It may prevent cytokine storms by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. Selenium enhances the function of cytotoxic effector cells. Furthermore, selenium is important for maintaining T cell maturation and functions, as well as for T cell-dependent antibody production. Vitamin C is considered an antiviral agent as it increases immunity. Administration of vitamin C increased the survival rate of COVID-19 patients by attenuating excessive activation of the immune response. Vitamin C increases antiviral cytokines and free radical formation, decreasing viral yield. It also attenuates excessive inflammatory responses and hyperactiva...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 9, 2020·Antioxidants·Marco B MorelliGaetano Santulli
Feb 4, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Isabella RomeoStefano Alcaro
Mar 26, 2021·International Immunopharmacology·Michał ZimeckiMarian L Kruzel
Apr 2, 2021·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Jose L Domingo, Montse Marquès
May 1, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Krešimir PavelićNandu Goswami
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Gabriele MelegariAlberto Barbieri
May 1, 2021·Plants·Zlata LutharIvan Kreft
May 1, 2021·International Immunopharmacology·Mohammad Shah AlamMd Ataur Rahman
May 31, 2021·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Rania ItaniTareq L Mukattash
Aug 1, 2021·Clinical Nutrition ESPEN·Piumika SooriyaarachchiRanil Jayawardena
Aug 6, 2021·Nutrition·Danilo Társio Mota BritoRoberto de Barros Silva
Sep 3, 2021·Biosensors & Bioelectronics·Víctor Ruiz-Valdepeñas MontielJoseph Wang
Sep 23, 2021·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Alessio AlesciNicola Cicero

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