Mini-review: Phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides in the marine environment and their interactions with heterotrophic bacteria

Environmental Microbiology
Marco MühlenbruchMaren Voss

Abstract

Within the wealth of molecules constituting marine dissolved organic matter, carbohydrates make up the largest coherent and quantifiable fraction. Their main sources are from primary producers, which release large amounts of photosynthetic products - mainly polysaccharides - directly into the surrounding water via passive and active exudation. The organic carbon and other nutrients derived from these photosynthates enrich the 'phycosphere' and attract heterotrophic bacteria. The rapid uptake and remineralization of dissolved free monosaccharides by heterotrophic bacteria account for the barely detectable levels of these compounds. By contrast, dissolved combined polysaccharides can reach high concentrations, especially during phytoplankton blooms. Polysaccharides are too large to be taken up directly by heterotrophic bacteria, instead requiring hydrolytic cleavage to smaller oligo- or monomers by bacteria with a suitable set of exoenzymes. The release of diverse polysaccharides by various phytoplankton taxa is generally interpreted as the deposition of excess organic material. However, these molecules likely also fulfil distinct, yet not fully understood functions, as inferred from their active modulation in terms of quality an...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 11, 2019·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Yosuke YamadaFarooq Azam
May 1, 2020·Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases·Taniya GolderRanjan Kumar Nandy
Mar 24, 2020·Environmental Microbiology·Christina BockJens Boenigk
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Apr 6, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Zhong-Zhi SunBin-Bin Xie
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Aug 21, 2021·FEMS Microbiology Ecology·Cheng XueDa-Zhi Wang
Oct 5, 2021·Bioengineered·Yi Tong Cheah, Derek Juinn Chieh Chan

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