Minimal residual disease as a biomarker for outcome prediction and therapy optimization in acute myeloid leukemia

Expert Review of Hematology
Francesco BuccisanoAdriano Venditti

Abstract

Response to therapy is affected by the genetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and persistence of leukemic cells below the threshold of morphological complete remission (mCR). Such persistence is called minimal (or measurable) residual disease (MRD). Areas covered: MRD assessment allows early identification of patients who are at high risk of relapse and who should timely receive aggressive therapy (e.g. allogeneic stem cell transplantation) and of those with a good quality mCR in whom an aggressive front-line therapy can be spared, avoiding the harm of excessive treatment toxicity. The most exploited methods to assess MRD are multiparameter flow cytometry (via identification of immunophenotypic aberrancies) or PCR-based assays (via identification of cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities). Expert commentary: A growing body of evidences demonstrates that positive MRD-testing at various time-points throughout the treatment course identifies patients at high risk of relapse. We will focus on the role of MRD as a biomarker to refine risk assessment and to prospectively direct treatment choices in adult with AML.

References

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Citations

Nov 9, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Fabio ForghieriMario Luppi
Aug 21, 2020·Biomarker Research·Yao GuoZhizhuang Joe Zhao
Aug 10, 2019·Frontiers in Oncology·Maria Teresa VosoFrancesco Buccisano
Sep 26, 2020·Therapeutic Advances in Hematology·Wei TangZhonghua Huo

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