Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Current Landscape and Future Applications With Immunotherapeutic Approaches

Frontiers in Oncology
Ioannis V KostopoulosEvangelos Terpos

Abstract

The basic principle that deeper therapeutic responses lead to better clinical outcomes in cancer has emerged technologies capable of detecting rare residual tumor cells. The need for ultra-sensitive approaches for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection is particularly evident in Multiple Myeloma (MM), where patients will ultimately relapse despite the achievement of complete remission, which is commonplace due to remarkable therapeutic advances. Consequently, current response criteria on MM have been amended based on MRD status and MRD negativity is now considered the most dominant prognostic factor and the most valuable indicator for a subsequent relapse. However, there are particular limitations and several aspects for MRD assessment that remain open. This review summarizes current data on MRD in the clinical management of MM, highlights open issues and discusses the challenges and the endless opportunities arising for both patients and clinicians. Furthermore, it focuses on the current status of MRD in clinical trials, its dynamics in addressing debatable aspects in the clinical handling and its potential role as the prevailing factor for future MRD-driven tailored therapies.

References

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Citations

Jul 30, 2020·Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia·Ioannis Ntanasis-StathopoulosMeletios A Dimopoulos
May 23, 2021·Clinics in Laboratory Medicine·David L Murray, Surendra Dasari
Sep 25, 2021·Journal of Hematology & Oncology·Craig T Wallington-Beddoe, Rachel L Mynott

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
imaging techniques
biopsy
electrophoresis
peptide assay
flow
flow cytometry

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT04288765
NCT04287855
NCT04268498
NCT04194931
NCT04191616
NCT04133636
NCT04124497
NCT04091126
NCT03948035
NCT03896737

Software Mentioned

FORTE
ClonoSEQ
IMAJEM
miRAMM

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