Mismatch Repair Pathway, Genome Stability and Cancer

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
Nives Pećina-ŠlausAnja Bukovac

Abstract

The acquisition of genomic instability is one of the key characteristics of the cancer cell, and microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important segment of this phenomenon. This review aims to describe the mismatch DNA repair (MMR) system whose deficiency is responsible for MSI and discuss the cellular roles of MMR genes. Malfunctioning of the MMR repair pathway increases the mutational burden of specific cancers and is often involved in its etiology, sometimes as an influential bystander and sometimes as the main driving force. Detecting the presence of MSI has for a long time been an important part of clinical diagnostics, but has still not achieved its full potential. The MSI blueprints of specific tumors are useful for precize grading, evaluation of cancer chance and prognosis and to help us understand how and why therapy-resistant cancers arise. Furthermore, evidence indicates that MSI is an important predictive biomarker for the application of immunotherapy.

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Citations

Dec 8, 2020·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Masayuki Nakamori, Hideki Mochizuki
Jan 19, 2021·Free Radical Research·Somnath Ghosh, Anu Ghosh
Oct 30, 2020·Cancer Management and Research·Meiying CuiWencai Li
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Apr 9, 2021·Journal of Surgical Oncology·James W Smithy, Eileen M O'Reilly
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May 26, 2021·Translational Oncology·Alessandro OttaianoGuglielmo Nasti
Jun 19, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Amrendra KumarAnna E Vilgelm
Oct 6, 2021·Bioscience Reports·Kathrin Allkanjari, Robert A Baldock
Nov 3, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·William W HoRakesh K Jain

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
chromosomal aberrations
acetylation
electrophoresis
PCR

Software Mentioned

Pol
EMAST
MANTIS

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