Mitochondria: key players in the neurotoxic effects of amphetamines

Archives of Toxicology
Daniel José BarbosaFélix Carvalho

Abstract

Amphetamines are a class of psychotropic drugs with high abuse potential, as a result of their stimulant, euphoric, emphathogenic, entactogenic, and hallucinogenic properties. Although most amphetamines are synthetic drugs, of which methamphetamine, amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy") represent well-recognized examples, the use of natural related compounds, namely cathinone and ephedrine, has been part of the history of humankind for thousands of years. Resulting from their amphiphilic nature, these drugs can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and elicit their well-known psychotropic effects. In the field of amphetamines' research, there is a general consensus that mitochondrial-dependent pathways can provide a major understanding concerning pathological processes underlying the neurotoxicity of these drugs. These events include alterations on tricarboxylic acid cycle's enzymes functioning, inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain's complexes, perturbations of mitochondrial clearance mechanisms, interference with mitochondrial dynamics, as well as oxidative modifications in mitochondrial macromolecules. Additionally, other studies indicate that amphetamines-induced neuronal toxicity is c...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 29, 2016·BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology·Armanda Teixeira-GomesJoão Paulo Capela
Jun 4, 2016·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Maria João ValenteMárcia Carvalho
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Mar 8, 2018·Neurotoxicity Research·Wenji HeSanqiang Pan
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Jun 6, 2018·Archives of Toxicology·R Feio-AzevedoJ P Capela
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