Mitochondria: the hemi of the cell

Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal
Elizabeth M CusimanoJanet D Pierce

Abstract

There are many organelles within a cell, each with individual responsibilities required for life. Of these organelles, the mitochondria are the hemi of the cell, producing the energy necessary for cell function. Reactive oxygen species can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and contribute to many diseases often seen in emergency departments. When reactive oxygen species are produced, the mitochondria undergo functional and structural changes causing the release of cytochrome c. Cytochrome c is responsible for activating apoptotic pathways leading to cell death. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is needed to maintain homeostasis in the body; however, when this occurs prematurely by an increase in reactive oxygen species production, many pathological conditions can occur. Clinicians in emergency departments caring for patients with different diseases should consider that the mitochondria may play an important role in patients' recovery. For instance, myocardial infarctions and burns are two examples of altered physiologic states that play a role in mitochondrial dysfunction. Awareness of the different treatments that target the mitochondria will prepare emergency department clinicians to better care for their patients.

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Jul 27, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·John A ZurisRachel Nechushtai
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May 26, 2012·Nursing·Gail Reiner, Jan Panyard-Davis

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis