Mitochondrial Chaperones in the Brain: Safeguarding Brain Health and Metabolism?

Frontiers in Endocrinology
José Pedro CastroAndré Kleinridders

Abstract

The brain orchestrates organ function and regulates whole body metabolism by the concerted action of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system. To do so, the brain has tremendously high energy consumption and relies mainly on glucose utilization and mitochondrial function in order to exert its function. As a consequence of high rate metabolism, mitochondria in the brain accumulate errors over time, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, reactive oxygen species, and misfolded and aggregated proteins. Thus, mitochondria need to employ specific mechanisms to avoid or ameliorate the rise of damaged proteins that contribute to aberrant mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. To maintain mitochondria homeostasis (mitostasis), cells evolved molecular chaperones that shuttle, refold, or in coordination with proteolytic systems, help to maintain a low steady-state level of misfolded/aggregated proteins. Their importance is exemplified by the occurrence of various brain diseases which exhibit reduced action of chaperones. Chaperone loss (expression and/or function) has been observed during aging, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) o...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 12, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Anastasiia BohushAnna Filipek
May 26, 2020·EMBO Reports·Raz Bar-ZivAndrew Dillin
Sep 6, 2020·Antioxidants·D Allan Butterfield, Debra Boyd-Kimball
Jun 24, 2020·Cell Stress & Chaperones·Ramaian Santhaseela AnandTamilselvan Jayavelu
Jul 28, 2020·Issues in Mental Health Nursing·Boniface HarerimanaMichael Borrie
Jan 29, 2021·Journal of Neuroendocrinology·Mareike SchellAndré Kleinridders
Mar 24, 2020·Cell·Alexandros K KanellopoulosClaudia Bagni
Aug 18, 2021·Communications Biology·Yuichi MatsushimaDongchon Kang

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation
protein folding

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